http://wiki.math.bme.hu/history/Informatics1-2018/Lab01?feed=atom&Informatics1-2018/Lab01 - Laptörténet2024-03-28T14:29:46ZAz oldal laptörténete a wikibenMediaWiki 1.18.1http://wiki.math.bme.hu/index.php?title=Informatics1-2018/Lab01&diff=13961&oldid=prevGaebor: /* The Windows file structure */2019-09-09T08:50:15Z<p><span class="autocomment">The Windows file structure</span></p>
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<td colspan='2' style="background-color: white; color:black;">←Régebbi változat</td>
<td colspan='2' style="background-color: white; color:black;">A lap 2019. szeptember 9., 08:50-kori változata</td>
</tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">145. sor:</td>
<td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">145. sor:</td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>== Windows basics ==</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>== Windows basics ==</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>=== The Windows file structure ===</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>=== The Windows file structure ===</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>* Drives are <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">everything</del>:</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>* Drives are <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">letters followed by a colon</ins>:</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>** '''C:\''' System</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>** '''C:\''' System</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>** '''D:\'''</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>** '''D:\'''</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>** '''E:\''' ...</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>** '''E:\''' ...</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>** There are network drives, these start with double <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">reps</del>: '''\\wronski'''</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>** There are network drives, these start with double <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">backslash</ins>: '''\\wronski'''</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>* current and parent folder : '''.''' <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">és </del>'''..'''</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>* current and parent folder : '''.''' <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">and </ins>'''..''' <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">respectively</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>* programs: '''C:\Program Files''', '''C:\Program Files (x86)''', rarely needed to reach directly</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>* programs: '''C:\Program Files''', '''C:\Program Files (x86)''', rarely needed to reach directly</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>* system: '''C:\Windows\System32'''</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>* system: '''C:\Windows\System32'''</div></td></tr>
</table>Gaeborhttp://wiki.math.bme.hu/index.php?title=Informatics1-2018/Lab01&diff=13570&oldid=prevGaebor, 2018. szeptember 10., 08:06-n2018-09-10T08:06:13Z<p></p>
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<td colspan='2' style="background-color: white; color:black;">←Régebbi változat</td>
<td colspan='2' style="background-color: white; color:black;">A lap 2018. szeptember 10., 08:06-kori változata</td>
</tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">27. sor:</td>
<td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">27. sor:</td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>* Windows</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>* Windows</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>** size of H drive (from total commander or explorer)</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>** size of H drive (from total commander or explorer)</div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"></ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">=== Keyboard layout ===</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">* On wronski the default layout is Hungarian, but you can change it after login</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">* On leibniz the default layout is English, but you can change it after login</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">* [http://sandbox.hlt.bme.hu/~gaebor/ea_anyag/Info1/KB_US-International.png US English]</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">* [http://sandbox.hlt.bme.hu/~gaebor/ea_anyag/Info1/KB_Hungary.png Hungarian]</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>== Mailing==</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>== Mailing==</div></td></tr>
</table>Gaeborhttp://wiki.math.bme.hu/index.php?title=Informatics1-2018/Lab01&diff=13525&oldid=prevGaebor: Új oldal, tartalma: „Up - Next == Login == === Start screen === * Ctrl-Alt-F5 Linux terminal (leibniz) * Ctrl-Alt-F6 Windows (wro…”2018-09-03T11:01:36Z<p>Új oldal, tartalma: „<a href="/view/Informatics1-2018#Labs" title="Informatics1-2018">Up</a> - <a href="/view/Informatics1-2018/Lab02" title="Informatics1-2018/Lab02">Next</a> == Login == === Start screen === * Ctrl-Alt-F5 Linux terminal (leibniz) * Ctrl-Alt-F6 Windows (wro…”</p>
<p><b>Új lap</b></p><div>[[Informatics1-2018#Labs|Up]] - [[Informatics1-2018/Lab02|Next]]<br />
<br />
== Login ==<br />
<br />
=== Start screen ===<br />
<br />
* Ctrl-Alt-F5 Linux terminal (leibniz)<br />
* Ctrl-Alt-F6 Windows (wronski)<br />
* Ctrl-Alt-F7 Linux graphical (leibniz)<br />
* Ctrl-Alt-Backspace RESET<br />
<br />
=== Password ===<br />
<br />
* Choose a strong password<br />
** lowercase, uppercase, number at least one of each<br />
** at least 8 characters<br />
** don't include your own name, nickname, login name<br />
** try not to use accents or 0 (zero)<br />
* how to change your password:<br />
** Linux: yppasswd (in terminal)<br />
** Windows: Ctrl-Alt-Del<br />
<br />
=== Quota ===<br />
<br />
* Linux: 200MB<br />
** quota (in terminal)<br />
* Windows<br />
** size of H drive (from total commander or explorer)<br />
<br />
== Mailing==<br />
<br />
* You can reach your emails on [https://webmail.math.bme.hu/ https://webmail.math.bme.hu/].<br />
* You can forward your emails to another email address:<br />
** After you log in, click on the gears (upper right): '''Beállítások''' -> '''Vakáció''' -> '''Haladó beállítások'''<br />
** Put your email address in the '''További címeim''' field, then change the '''Beérkező üzenet akció''' drop down menu from '''Megtartás''' to '''Átirányítás ide'''<br />
* When you write to others from the university, we would like you to use your math.bme.hu email address.<br />
* There is a way to write emails from your math.bme.hu address through gmail.<br />
** In gmail click on the gears (upper right) -> '''Settings''' -> '''Accounts and import''' -> '''Add another email address'''<br />
** In the popup window write your math.bme.hu address then click on '''Next Step''' and write your password (the one used on linux) into the password field, finally click on '''Add Account'''.<br />
** From now on whenever you write an email there will be a drop down menu '''From''' so you can choose which email address to send the email from.<br />
* You can write an email from the terminal as well:<br />
** On Leibniz:<br />
<pre><br />
$ mail -s "subject" "someone@mail.org"<br />
Dear Someone,<br />
<br />
This is a mail!<br />
<br />
Best,<br />
Me<br />
$ _<br />
</pre><br />
To stop writing the mail you need to press '''Ctrl+D'''.<br />
<br />
If you are using other mailing software, you may find these useful:<br />
* imap-ssl: imap.math.bme.hu :995 SSL/TLS linux password<br />
* submission: smtp.math.bme.hu :587 STARTTLS linus password<br />
<br />
== Software ==<br />
<br />
* Windows [http://msdnaa.bme.hu/]<br />
* Office [http://www.o365.educatio.hu/]<br />
* Mathematica [http://www.wolfram.com/mathematica/] (we will give out keys for everyone)<br />
<br />
== Network connection ==<br />
<br />
* You can't just plug in a network cable into your laptop, it will not connect you to our network.<br />
* Wifi<br />
** eduroam<br />
*** encrypted WPA2-Ent<br />
*** most European universities use eduroam, you can use your account anywhere<br />
*** http://net.bme.hu/wlan/eduroam-bme.php<br />
*** Username, password: https://accadmin.hszk.bme.hu/ (username: something@hszk.bme.hu, password: you need to set it first, bottom of the page)<br />
<br />
== Linux basics ==<br />
<br />
=== File structure ===<br />
<br />
* Properties:<br />
** Tree stucture<br />
** '''/''' : root folder. The start of the file structure.<br />
** folders:<br />
*** general<br />
*** special (e.g. /dev/cdrom)<br />
*** catalogue<br />
* Some catalogues<br />
** '''/home/''': User folders.<br />
** '''/boot/''' : Files needed to boot up.<br />
** '''/tmp/''' : Temporary files.<br />
** '''/dev/''' : Devices (HDD, mouse, etc.)<br />
** '''/mnt/''' : Mount points (e.g. pendrive)<br />
** '''./''' : Current folder.<br />
** '''../''' : Parent of the current folder.<br />
** '''~/''' : The home folder of the user, same as the $HOME environmental variable.<br />
** Everyone has a home folder at '''/home/student/felhasznaloi_nev'''. In this home folder a folder named '''public_html''' contains their homepage.<br />
** '''~/.*''' contains user settings e.g. '''.bashrc''', '''.config/''', '''.forward'''<br />
<br />
=== General programs ===<br />
* terminal: Applications menu -> System Tools -> Konsole<br />
* Midnight Commander <tt>mc</tt><br />
* <tt>top</tt><br />
* editors:<br />
** gedit<br />
** mcedit, nano, <br />
** for the brave: emacs, vim ([https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Editor_war war of the editors])<br />
* list of programs: <tt>help</tt><br />
* help yourself:<br />
** <tt>info</tt> <command><br />
** <tt>man</tt> <command><br />
** <command> <tt>--help</tt><br />
<br />
=== Shortcuts ===<br />
* Clipboard<br />
** select something with your mouse, right click<br />
** Ctrl+Insert, Shift+Insert<br />
** varies by applications (usually Ctrl+C, Ctrl+V)<br />
* navigation<br />
** TAB: completion<br />
** HOME: beginning of line, END: end of line<br />
* terminal<br />
** up, down arrows: history<br />
** Ctrl+R search the history<br />
<br />
=== Reaching the Leibniz server from home ===<br />
<br />
* From a file editor:<br />
** File -> Connect to server...<br />
** Service type: FTP (with login), or SFTP<br />
** Server: leibniz.math.bme.hu<br />
** Port: 80<br />
** Folder: (empty)<br />
** User name: your username<br />
<br />
* From a terminal:<br />
** '''ssh username@leibniz.math.bme.hu''', where the '''username''' is your username, with this you can run commands on leibniz<br />
** '''scp username@leibniz.math.bme.hu:~/prac1.txt ./''' with this you copy the file '''prac1.txt''' from leibniz to your current folder<br />
** '''scp ./gyak1.txt username@leibniz.math.bme.hu:~/''' with this you copy the file '''prac1.txt''' from your computer to leibniz<br />
<br />
== Windows basics ==<br />
=== The Windows file structure ===<br />
* Drives are everything:<br />
** '''C:\''' System<br />
** '''D:\'''<br />
** '''E:\''' ...<br />
** There are network drives, these start with double reps: '''\\wronski'''<br />
* current and parent folder : '''.''' és '''..'''<br />
* programs: '''C:\Program Files''', '''C:\Program Files (x86)''', rarely needed to reach directly<br />
* system: '''C:\Windows\System32'''<br />
* home folder: '''H:''', '''Z:\Homes\<username>'''<br />
<br />
=== General programs ===<br />
* Notepad++ (free software)<br />
* Task manager<br />
* Explorer<br />
* Total Commander (free software)<br />
<br />
=== Shortcuts ===<br />
* Clipboard<br />
** select something with the mouse, right click -> copy, cut, paste<br />
** Ctrl+C, Ctrl+V, Ctrl+X, Ctrl+Z, Ctrl+Y<br />
** Ctrl+Insert, Shift+Insert<br />
** varies by applications<br />
* Moving the windows<br />
** Win+arrows<br />
** Alt+Tab<br />
** Win, Win+D, Win+S<br />
** Alt + character (menu)<br />
** Tab: switches between buttons and fields in programs<br />
* moving the cursor<br />
** Shift + arrows: select<br />
** Ctrl + arrows, jumps words (Ctrl+Shift + arrows)<br />
** HOME: beginning of line, END: end of line<br />
<br />
=== Reaching Leibniz from a windows machine ===<br />
<br />
* [[Számítástechnikai tudásbázis]] (sadly these are only available in hungarian at the moment)<br />
* ssh: [[Putty használata]]<br />
* scp: [[WinScp használata]]<br />
* graphical: [[XMing használata, grafikus felület emuláció Windows alatt]]<br />
<br />
=== Emulating linux on a windows machine ===<br />
There are many ways to emulate a linux on your windows machine<br />
* Live operating system, with this you can try linux without having to install anything. You have to boot from a live CD or a USB, for this you have to change your boot priority.<br />
** [http://www.linuxliveusb.com/ live Linux pendrive]<br />
** [http://www.ubuntu.com/download/desktop live Linux CD]<br />
* Virtual machine, running a linux through a windows in parallel<br />
** [https://virtualbox.org/ VirtualBox]<br />
*** Windows 8 or 10 is a requirement<br />
*** [http://www.nextofwindows.com/how-to-enable-configure-and-use-hyper-v-on-windows-10 Windows 10]<br />
* Emulating just the function of the linux terminal<br />
**[https://www.cygwin.com/ CygWin]<br />
<br />
[[Informatics1-2018#Labs|Up]] - [[Informatics1-2018/Lab02|Next]]</div>Gaebor