Informatics1-2017/Practice1

A lap 2017. szeptember 4., 07:52-kori változata

Login

Start screen

• Ctrl-Alt-F5 Linux terminal (leibniz)
• Ctrl-Alt-F6 Windows (wronski)
• Ctrl-Alt-F7 Linux graphical (leibniz)
• Ctrl-Alt-Backspace RESET

Password

• Choose a strong password
  • lowercase, uppercase, number at least one of each
  • at least 8 characters
  • don't include your own name, nickname, login name
  • try not to use accents or 0 (zero)
• how to change your password:
  • Linux: yppasswd (in terminal)
  • Windows: Ctrl-Alt-Del

Quota

• Linux: 200MB
  • quota (in terminal)
• Windows
  • size of H drive (from total commander or explorer)

Mailing

• You can reach your emails on https://webmail.math.bme.hu/.
• You can forward your emails to another email address:
  • After you log in, click on the gears (upper right): Beállítások -> Vakáció -> Haladó beállítások
  • Put your email address in the További címeim field, then change the Beérkező üzenet akció drop down menu from Megtartás to Átirányítás ide
• When you write to others from the university, we would like you to use your math.bme.hu email address.
• There is a way to write emails from your math.bme.hu address through gmail.
  • In gmail click on the gears (upper right) -> Settings -> Accounts and import -> Add another email address
  • In the popup window write your math.bme.hu address then click on Next Step and write your password (the one used on linux) into the password field, finally click on Add Account.
  • From now on whenever you write an email there will be a drop down menu From so you can choose which email address to send the email from.
• You can write an email from the terminal as well:
  • On Leibniz:

$ mail -s "subject" "someone@mail.org"
Dear Someone,

This is a mail!

Best,
Me
$ _

To stop writing the mail you need to press Ctrl+D.

If you are using other mailing software, you may find these useful:

• imap-ssl: imap.math.bme.hu :995 SSL/TLS linux password
• submission: smtp.math.bme.hu :587 STARTTLS linus password

Software

• Windows [1]
• Office [2]
• Mathematica [3] (we will give out keys for everyone)

Network connection

• You can't just plug in a network cable into your laptop, it will not connect you to our network.
• Wifi
  • eduroam
    • encrypted WPA2-Ent
    • most european universities use eduroam, you can use your account anywhere
    • http://net.bme.hu/wlan/eduroam-bme.php
    • Username, password: https://accadmin.hszk.bme.hu/ (username: something@hszk.bme.hu, password: you need to set it first, bottom of the page)

Linux basics

File structure

• Properties:
  • Tree stucture
  • / : root folder. The start of the file structure.
  • folders:
    • general
    • special (e.g. /dev/cdrom)
    • catalogue
• Some catalogues
  • /home/: User folders.
  • /boot/ : Files needed to boot up.
  • /tmp/ : Temporary files.
  • /dev/ : Devices (HDD, mouse, etc.)
  • /mnt/ : Mount points (e.g. pendrive)
  • ./ : Current folder.
  • ../ : Parent of the current folder.
  • ~/ : The home folder of the user, same as the $HOME environmental variable.
  • Everyone has a home folder at /home/student/felhasznaloi_nev. In this home folder a folder named public_html contains their homepage.
  • ~/.* contains user settings e.g. .bashrc, .config/, .forward

General programs

• terminal: Applications menu -> System Tools -> Konsole
• Midnight Commander mc
• top
• editors:
  • gedit
  • mcedit, nano,
  • for the brave: emacs, vim (war of the editors)
• list of programs: help
• help yourself:
  • info <command>
  • man <command>
  • <command> --help

Shortcuts

• Clipboard
  • select something with your mouse, right click
  • Ctrl+Insert, Shift+Insert
  • varies by applications (usually Ctrl+C, Ctrl+V)
• navigation
  • TAB: completion
  • HOME: beginning of line, END: end of line
• terminal
  • up, down arrows: history
  • Ctrl+R search the history

Reaching the Leibniz server from home

• From a file editor:
  • File -> Connect to server...
  • Service type: FTP (with login), or SFTP
  • Server: leibniz.math.bme.hu
  • Port: 80
  • Folder: (empty)
  • User name: your username

• From a terminal:
  • ssh username@leibniz.math.bme.hu, where the username is your username, with this you can run commands on leibniz
  • scp username@leibniz.math.bme.hu:~/prac1.txt ./ with this you copy the file prac1.txt from leibniz to your current folder
  • scp ./gyak1.txt username@leibniz.math.bme.hu:~/ with this you copy the file prac1.txt from your computer to leibniz

Windows basics

The Windows file structure

• Drives are everything:
  • C:\ System
  • D:\
  • E:\ ...
  • There are network drives, these start with double reps: \\wronski
• current and parent folder : . és ..
• programs: C:\Program Files, C:\Program Files (x86), rarely needed to reach directly
• system: C:\Windows\System32
• home folder: H:, Z:\Homes\<username>

General programs

• Notepad++ (free software)
• Task manager
• Explorer
• Total Commander (free software)

Shortcuts

• Clipboard
  • select something with the mouse, right click -> copy, cut, paste
  • Ctrl+C, Ctrl+V, Ctrl+X, Ctrl+Z, Ctrl+Y
  • Ctrl+Insert, Shift+Insert
  • varies by applications
• Moving the windows
  • Win+arrows
  • Alt+Tab
  • Win, Win+D, Win+S
  • Alt + character (menu)
  • Tab: switches between buttons and fields in programs
• moving the cursor
  • Shift + arrows: select
  • Ctrl + arrows, jumps words (Ctrl+Shift + arrows)
  • HOME: beginning of line, END: end of line

Reaching Leibniz from a windows machine

• Számítástechnikai tudásbázis (sadly these are only available in hungarian at the moment)
• ssh: Putty használata
• scp: WinScp használata
• graphical: XMing használata, grafikus felület emuláció Windows alatt

Emulating linux on a windows machine

There are many ways to emulate a linux on your windows machine

• Live operating system, with this you can try linux without having to install anything. You have to boot from a live CD or a USB, for this you have to change your boot priority.
  • live Linux pendrive
  • live Linux CD
• Virtual machine, running a linux through a windows in parallel
  • VirtualBox
    • Windows 8 or 10 is a requirement
    • Windows 10-en
• Emulating just the function of a terminal
  • [ https://www.cygwin.com/ https://www.cygwin.com/]