Informatics1-2018/Lab01
A MathWikiből
(Változatok közti eltérés)
a |
a (→The Windows file structure) |
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145. sor: | 145. sor: | ||
== Windows basics == | == Windows basics == | ||
=== The Windows file structure === | === The Windows file structure === | ||
− | * Drives are | + | * Drives are letters followed by a colon: |
** '''C:\''' System | ** '''C:\''' System | ||
** '''D:\''' | ** '''D:\''' | ||
** '''E:\''' ... | ** '''E:\''' ... | ||
− | ** There are network drives, these start with double | + | ** There are network drives, these start with double backslash: '''\\wronski''' |
− | * current and parent folder : '''.''' | + | * current and parent folder : '''.''' and '''..''' respectively |
* programs: '''C:\Program Files''', '''C:\Program Files (x86)''', rarely needed to reach directly | * programs: '''C:\Program Files''', '''C:\Program Files (x86)''', rarely needed to reach directly | ||
* system: '''C:\Windows\System32''' | * system: '''C:\Windows\System32''' |
A lap jelenlegi, 2019. szeptember 9., 10:50-kori változata
Tartalomjegyzék |
Login
Start screen
- Ctrl-Alt-F5 Linux terminal (leibniz)
- Ctrl-Alt-F6 Windows (wronski)
- Ctrl-Alt-F7 Linux graphical (leibniz)
- Ctrl-Alt-Backspace RESET
Password
- Choose a strong password
- lowercase, uppercase, number at least one of each
- at least 8 characters
- don't include your own name, nickname, login name
- try not to use accents or 0 (zero)
- how to change your password:
- Linux: yppasswd (in terminal)
- Windows: Ctrl-Alt-Del
Quota
- Linux: 200MB
- quota (in terminal)
- Windows
- size of H drive (from total commander or explorer)
Keyboard layout
- On wronski the default layout is Hungarian, but you can change it after login
- On leibniz the default layout is English, but you can change it after login
- US English
- Hungarian
Mailing
- You can reach your emails on https://webmail.math.bme.hu/.
- You can forward your emails to another email address:
- After you log in, click on the gears (upper right): Beállítások -> Vakáció -> Haladó beállítások
- Put your email address in the További címeim field, then change the Beérkező üzenet akció drop down menu from Megtartás to Átirányítás ide
- When you write to others from the university, we would like you to use your math.bme.hu email address.
- There is a way to write emails from your math.bme.hu address through gmail.
- In gmail click on the gears (upper right) -> Settings -> Accounts and import -> Add another email address
- In the popup window write your math.bme.hu address then click on Next Step and write your password (the one used on linux) into the password field, finally click on Add Account.
- From now on whenever you write an email there will be a drop down menu From so you can choose which email address to send the email from.
- You can write an email from the terminal as well:
- On Leibniz:
$ mail -s "subject" "someone@mail.org" Dear Someone, This is a mail! Best, Me $ _
To stop writing the mail you need to press Ctrl+D.
If you are using other mailing software, you may find these useful:
- imap-ssl: imap.math.bme.hu :995 SSL/TLS linux password
- submission: smtp.math.bme.hu :587 STARTTLS linus password
Software
Network connection
- You can't just plug in a network cable into your laptop, it will not connect you to our network.
- Wifi
- eduroam
- encrypted WPA2-Ent
- most European universities use eduroam, you can use your account anywhere
- http://net.bme.hu/wlan/eduroam-bme.php
- Username, password: https://accadmin.hszk.bme.hu/ (username: something@hszk.bme.hu, password: you need to set it first, bottom of the page)
- eduroam
Linux basics
File structure
- Properties:
- Tree stucture
- / : root folder. The start of the file structure.
- folders:
- general
- special (e.g. /dev/cdrom)
- catalogue
- Some catalogues
- /home/: User folders.
- /boot/ : Files needed to boot up.
- /tmp/ : Temporary files.
- /dev/ : Devices (HDD, mouse, etc.)
- /mnt/ : Mount points (e.g. pendrive)
- ./ : Current folder.
- ../ : Parent of the current folder.
- ~/ : The home folder of the user, same as the $HOME environmental variable.
- Everyone has a home folder at /home/student/felhasznaloi_nev. In this home folder a folder named public_html contains their homepage.
- ~/.* contains user settings e.g. .bashrc, .config/, .forward
General programs
- terminal: Applications menu -> System Tools -> Konsole
- Midnight Commander mc
- top
- editors:
- gedit
- mcedit, nano,
- for the brave: emacs, vim (war of the editors)
- list of programs: help
- help yourself:
- info <command>
- man <command>
- <command> --help
Shortcuts
- Clipboard
- select something with your mouse, right click
- Ctrl+Insert, Shift+Insert
- varies by applications (usually Ctrl+C, Ctrl+V)
- navigation
- TAB: completion
- HOME: beginning of line, END: end of line
- terminal
- up, down arrows: history
- Ctrl+R search the history
Reaching the Leibniz server from home
- From a file editor:
- File -> Connect to server...
- Service type: FTP (with login), or SFTP
- Server: leibniz.math.bme.hu
- Port: 80
- Folder: (empty)
- User name: your username
- From a terminal:
- ssh username@leibniz.math.bme.hu, where the username is your username, with this you can run commands on leibniz
- scp username@leibniz.math.bme.hu:~/prac1.txt ./ with this you copy the file prac1.txt from leibniz to your current folder
- scp ./gyak1.txt username@leibniz.math.bme.hu:~/ with this you copy the file prac1.txt from your computer to leibniz
Windows basics
The Windows file structure
- Drives are letters followed by a colon:
- C:\ System
- D:\
- E:\ ...
- There are network drives, these start with double backslash: \\wronski
- current and parent folder : . and .. respectively
- programs: C:\Program Files, C:\Program Files (x86), rarely needed to reach directly
- system: C:\Windows\System32
- home folder: H:, Z:\Homes\<username>
General programs
- Notepad++ (free software)
- Task manager
- Explorer
- Total Commander (free software)
Shortcuts
- Clipboard
- select something with the mouse, right click -> copy, cut, paste
- Ctrl+C, Ctrl+V, Ctrl+X, Ctrl+Z, Ctrl+Y
- Ctrl+Insert, Shift+Insert
- varies by applications
- Moving the windows
- Win+arrows
- Alt+Tab
- Win, Win+D, Win+S
- Alt + character (menu)
- Tab: switches between buttons and fields in programs
- moving the cursor
- Shift + arrows: select
- Ctrl + arrows, jumps words (Ctrl+Shift + arrows)
- HOME: beginning of line, END: end of line
Reaching Leibniz from a windows machine
- Számítástechnikai tudásbázis (sadly these are only available in hungarian at the moment)
- ssh: Putty használata
- scp: WinScp használata
- graphical: XMing használata, grafikus felület emuláció Windows alatt
Emulating linux on a windows machine
There are many ways to emulate a linux on your windows machine
- Live operating system, with this you can try linux without having to install anything. You have to boot from a live CD or a USB, for this you have to change your boot priority.
- Virtual machine, running a linux through a windows in parallel
- VirtualBox
- Windows 8 or 10 is a requirement
- Windows 10
- VirtualBox
- Emulating just the function of the linux terminal